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Human milk

Get to know this incredible food

Author:
EM
Enf.ª Margarida LançaSpecialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health

Last updated 26 August 2026

Growth factors

The growth factors present in human milk are bioactive proteins and peptides that play different roles in your baby's gut, blood vessels, nervous system and endocrine system. Colostrum is particularly rich in growth factors.

Human milk also plays a role in building the gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms that begins to establish itself in your baby's gut. It provides bacteria and, above all, components like human milk oligosaccharides, which selectively feed certain beneficial bacteria and help make it harder for certain potentially harmful microorganisms to settle.

Interesting fact

A baby's microbiota does not only depend on how they are fed. The type of birth, antibiotics, the environment and other factors also influence it. But human milk is one of the major modulators of the gut microbiota in the first months of life.

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