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What is epigenetics?

Author:
EM
Enf.ª Margarida LançaSpecialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health

Last updated 17 August 2026

What is epigenetics?

Genes are the instruction book... but they do not tell the whole story.

Imagine a piano...

When a baby is conceived, they inherit a set of genes from their mother and father. These genes work like an instruction book, containing all the information needed for their growth and development.

Genes are like the keys of a piano.

Every baby is born with a complete piano. Epigenetics is the pianist. It does not change the keys, but it decides which ones will be played and when.

In the same way, the environment during pregnancy and the first years of life helps guide which genes will be used more or less throughout development.

During pregnancy, several factors can contribute to this process, including:

  • A balanced diet;
  • Adequate sleep;
  • Physical activity;
  • Avoiding alcohol, tobacco and other harmful substances;
  • Emotional well-being;
  • A safe environment with family support.

The goal is not to achieve perfection, but to create the best possible conditions for your baby's development.

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  • EM
    Enf.ª Margarida LançaSpecialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health
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